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A B S T R A C T S
EDITORIAL NOTE
Antonio Hernández
Navarro
2003 was a year full of events for our Institute,
one of them, the death of Ing. Carlos A. Carvallo Yánez,
motivated movements to the interior of the Commission of Cartography,
therefore Dr Santiago Borrero Mutis happened to hold the position
of Secretary General of the IPGH, and his place in our Commission
was occuppied by TCL. Ing. Geog. Rodrigo Belly Vargas, whereas in
the Vice-presidency by Dra. Alejandra Coll Escanilla.
Once again, our publication, firstly semestral, has been reduced
to one issue for this year, nevertheless the quality of articles
included is excellent, because of the works written by outstanding
personalities of the University of New Brunswick, Canada.
In order to reduce costs, for the first time the Revista Cartográfica
is published in electronic format, so the articles presented will
arrive with greater fluidity to all interested in the matters included
in our publication. We hope that this modality would be to our readers
liking.
RADICACIÓN INDUSTRIAL
Y COMPLEJIDAD AMBIENTAL EN LA CIUDAD DE TANDIL, PROVINCIA DE BUENOS
AIRES, REPÚBLICA ARGENTINA
Ana C. Ulberich
The area of study comprises the urban section of the
city of Tandil as well as the Industrial Park, the Industrial Area
and sectors of environmental interest.
The objective (of the work) was to locate and delimit the area
affected by each industry according to levels of environmental complexity.
To that end, the “Industrial Census of the city of Tandil”
was updated and the "Categorisation" stipulated by the
Government of the Province of Buenos Aires was adopted for the evaluation
of the industrial environmental impact.
The resulting information was correlated with the Industrial Zonings
and the Actual Use of the Soil.
This analysis was done as a result of the interpretation and integration
of diverse thematic maps that at the same time show the obtained
results.
THE ASTRONOMICAL LONGITUDE OF
PARAMARIBO
Kenneth W. Blesch
In 1911 Van Stockum determined the astronomical longitude
of Paramaribo from an absolute moon height in combination with star
observations.
It is proved that the astronomical longitude of Paramaribo
as published by Roelofs in his book, Astronomy Applied to Land Surveying
is based on the astronomical observations of Van Stockum from 1911,
corrected for precession and nutation.
PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT IN LAND
USE DESIGNATION. A HOLISTIC METHOD AND A CASE OF CUNDINAMARCA, COLOMBIA
Jorge M. Molina
This paper describes a holistic and systemic methodology
and a case of study for the Environmental Land Designation Plans
– ELDP, by laying emphasis primarily on the physical environment.
The various components considered to evaluate the physical environment
of the territory include geomorphology, water (surface and ground),
soils, mineral resources, as well as natural restrictions, hazards
and the type of ecosystem. All them are assessed to get a potential
value of the territory through indicators, here called Geopotential.
Considering this Geopotential value and different Uses for the territory
the Carrying Capacity for the same territory is determined. Also
this is correlated with the demand of the human activities to establish
some scenarios for the land use designation.
The proposed methodology is applied to the Cundinamarca Province
in Colombia. Within this region basic resources are exploited to
satisfy the economic and social necessities of the community. Like
any other natural resource the ones from Cundinamarca present restrictions
on their use. They are evaluated in terms of real supply and demand
in order to determine the balance between them. Finally three different
scenarios are discussed for the land use designation in the Cundinamarca
Province.
EL CATASTRO EN ESPAÑA:
CONSOLIDACIÓN DE UN MODELO MULTIPROPÓSITO
Manuel Alcazar
This article analyses the historical situation, which
lead to the creation of Cadastre over the centuries, the projects
undertaken and the institution’s present situation.
It makes special reference to the strengthening relations between
Property Registers and Notaries and describes the organic structure
and function of the Property Register’s Governing Body (Dirección
General del Catastro).
Finally, it illustrates the present Spanish Property Register model
together with present initiatives. Furthermore, it outlines the
strategies that would presumably be articulated once the process
of computerization to be implemented in order to improve the relationship
between the administrative process and the citizens is totally strengthened.
CARTA GRAVIMÉTRICA DE
LA REPÚBLICA MEXICANA
Antonio Hernández
Navarro
As an additional product to centimetric geoid determination
for Mexican area, and taking in account that gravimetrical information
is useful for other earth sciences, the National Institute of Statistics,
Geography and Informatics (INEGI), take the task to generate an
assortment of cartographical products that show variations of terrestrial
gravity field at interested region. In this paper are shown the
theoretical aspect, as well as employed methodology.
ON SOME NUMERICAL ASPECTS OF
PRIMARY INDIRECT TOPOGRAPHICAL EFFECT COMPUTATION IN THE STOKES-HELMERT
THEORY OF GEOID DETERMINATION
Robert Tenzer
Petr Vanícek
Sander Van Eck Van Der Sluijs
Antonio Hernández Navarro
After solving the geodetic boundary value problem in the Helmert
space, the co-geoid has to be transformed back into the real space
to obtain finally the geoid. For this transformation, the indirect
topographical and atmospheric effects on the geoidal heights have
to be evaluated. Martinec and Vanícek (1994) discussed theoretical
aspects of the primary indirect topographical effect. In this paper,
some aspects of the numerical evaluation are investigated.
ALGUNOS ASPECTOS SOBRE ALTURAS
ORTOMÉTRICAS Y NORMALES
Petr Vanícek
Marcelo Santos
Robert Tenzer
Antonio Hernández Navarro
For a long time, geodesists have been discussing which
of the height systems is more appropriate for a practical realization
of the vertical datum. These discussions are now heating up again
in different parts of the world, as individual countries and group
of countries are embarking on another wave of modernization of their
height networks. This new wave has been sparked by the advent of
GPS ability to measure relatively accurate geodetic height differences.
There are two basic concepts of heights that are being seriously
considered for adoption in the next of modernization of national
height networks. These are the system of orthometric heights or
Molodensky’s concept of normal heights. In this paper we attempt
to throw some light on these to concepts and to answer some of the
principal questions arising from the comparison of these two concepts.
Both height systems are equally accurate. In our conclusions we
present a recommendation that the system of orthometric heights
be the one adopted.
LA REALIZACIÓN DEL SISTEMA
GEOCÉNTRICO DE REFERENCIA EN VENEZUELA DENTRO DEL MARCO DEL
PROYECTO SIRGAS
José Napoleón
Hernández
This paper show the accomplish of the geocentric reference system
of Venezuela, inside SIRGAS project (Geocentric Reference system
for the Americas), performing a GPS surveying program with the purpose
to establish a modern geodetic network, compatible with measuring
satellite technologies, named Red Geocéntrica Venzolana REGVEN;
and to establish a permanent GPS network, in order to have an accurate
geodetic control, with the same standards as SIRGAS.
To overtake the mentioned REGVEN’s goals, the Insituto Geográfico
de Venezuela Simón Bolivar, as the rector organism in geodetic
field, has made two GPS satellite surveying campaigns in the national
territory, one simultaneously with 1995 SIRGAS campaign, and the
other one with SIRGAS 2000.
We use GPS receiver dual-frequency, taken at least, two bench marks
during six to eight hours measuring sessions. To process GPS data
with precise ephemeredes, we use BERNESE software, developed at
University of Berne, Switzerland.
The final quality of point positioning at REGVEN stations were
more or least two centimeters.
Also the project to established permanent stations network is shown,
to enforce the geocentric reference system of Venezuela.
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