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A B S T R A C T S
EDITORIAL NOTE
The Chief Editor
Revista Cartográfica
Once again, our publication that in principle is semester, has
been reduced to a single number for this year, nevertheless the
quality of articles including is excellent when counting itself
on works written by outstanding personalities of the National Institute
of Statistics, Geography and Informatics (INEGI) of Mexico.
For first time the Chief Editor share the responsibility of the
edition of our journal with a select team of people dedicate in
this area. Dr. Luiz Paulo Souto Fortes, actualy work in the Brazilian
Institute of geography and Statistics (IBGE), he is President of
the project to establish the Geocentric Reference System for the
Americas (SIRGAS). Dr. Tomás Soler, work in National Geodetic
Survey of United States of America, ho has a great experience in
methods and techniques for satellite positioning. Finally Ing, Raúl
Ángel Gómez Moreno, collaborate at INEGI, he has a
great practice in the areas consider under the thematic of our journal.
EVALUACIÓN DEL EFECTO
ATMOSFÉRICO DIRECTO
EN EL ÁREA DE INFLUENCIA DE LA SOLUCIÓN GEOIDAL MEXICANA
Antonio Hernández Navarro
Petr Vanícek
Marcelo Santos
Robert Tenzer
The geoid determination to centimetric level, required take in
account some effects, which if not quantified don’t allow to
rich the objective. One of these effects is the produced by the
existing atmosphere above Earth surface, because it has masses,
and therefore density, the required harmonicity condition by Laplace’s
equation not be fulfill. This paper shown the evaluation for the
Direct Atmospheric Effect, accomplished the numerical evaluation
at influence area of the geoidal Mexican solution.
ON SOME ASPECTS OF ACCURACY
OF THE GEOPOTENTIAL MODEL EMG96
AT THE TERRITORY OF CANADA
Robert Tenzer
Antonio Hernández-Navarro
The geopotential model testing methodology has been theoretically
developed by Burke et al. [1996]. The Working Group Global Geodesy
Topics participated in the accuracy estimation of geopotential models
for which the Geopotential Model Evaluation and Monitoring Network
was established. This testing network covers about 70 % of the earth
surface [Burke et al., 1996; Burša et al., 1997b] including
the territory of Canada. The accuracy of the geopotential model
EGM96 was tested on 1248 GPS/leveling points over the territory
of Canada [Burša et al., 1999a; Burša et al., 1999b].
The Helmert orthometric heights of the GPS/leveling points are defined
in the North American Vertical Datum 1988 (NAVD88), while the geodetic
(ellipsoidal) heights of these points are defined in the International
Terrestrial Reference Frame 1997 (ITRF97).
The accuracy of the geopotential model EGM96 on the GPS/leveling
points over the territory of Canada is investigated in this paper.
For the estimation of accuracy of the EGM96, Helmert’s orthometric
heights obtained from more recent adjustment of the vertical datum
Adjustment January 1998 [Adj. Jan. 1998, see Véronneau et
al., 2001] are used.
ANÁLISIS GEODÉSICO
DE LA SUBSIDENCIA EN LA CIUDAD DE AGUASCALIENTES
Rubén Esquivel Ramírez
Mario E. Zermeño De León
Javier Arellano Sánchez
This paper describes a project to investigate the subsidence process
that has Aguascalientes’ City and show the results after one
year of observations. This research is making through a survey with
GPS equipment over 60 bench marcs established on selected sites
as the most representatives of terrain failed inside of the urban
area.
OBTENCIÓN DE DATOS PRIMARIOS
CON EL SISTEMA LIDAR EN EL INEGI
J.L Álvarez
D. Álvarez
Surface data collecting require a smart planning and a correct
interdisciplinary coordination, with the purpose to rich specifications
and users requirements.
Work area definition, altitude, scanning angle, among other aerial
survey elements, as yet as geodetic positioning, are aspects to
determine the quality of obtained data with airborne laser. An important
fact to take in account is that data surveying could be making at
any time of the day or night.
This paper describe the steps to project planning, execution, and
the method for data survey of aerial and terrestrial data, for its
treatments, digital processing, and model generation.
CONTINUO DE ELEVACIONES MEXICANO
David Avalos Naranjo
Digital Elevation Models, as a port of fundamental data of spatial
data infrastructures of any country, are basic input for many geographical
and cartographical tasks, for this the National Institute of Statistics,
Geography and Informatics delivery to its user community the Mexican
Elevation Seamless model.
NUEVO MODELO GEOIDAL MEXICANO
GGM04
David Avalos Naranjo
The intensive use of receiver of the global positioning system,
as well as the use of this equipment to determinate heights based
on a hortometric heights system, with accuracy comparable with this
measurement equipment promotes the implementation of a project to
compute the geoidal surface in the Mexican area, based on the gravimetrical
method.
This paper shows the results reach to the date with the application
of Stokes-Helmert scheme developed by University of New Brunswick
in Canada.
INTEROPERABILIDAD, MECANISMOS
COMUNES DE INTERACCIÓN
Enrique Navarro Luévano
The procedure more common used to integrate geographical data could
include format conversion and load it in a local form, increasing
producing and management cost. The best way to solve this is implement
an independent solution to platforms employed to export data and
information.
With this solution is possible use different types of applications
software (including no commercial software) to make data queries
storage in a database, where the user don’t know, nor required
to know, where are physical storage the data.
Whit this scheme the users have accesses to the data most actual
delivery for the different producer units.
LA RED GEODÉSICA NACIONAL
Javier Arellano Sánchez
This paper shows an abstract of the Mexican technical norms of
the “National Geodetic System” and “Positional Accuracy
Standards”; the procedures to collect data, to process, to
adjust, to accept, and to integrate the geodetic information to
the Geodetic Data Base and to build the Geodetic Information System
for each Federal State (SIGEF).
Also, show how is constituted the National geodetic System and
its reference frame.
DIVISIÓN POLÍTICO-ADMINISTRATIVA
ESTATAL DE LOS ESTADOS UNIDOS MEXICANOS
Miguel Alfonso Herrera Canto
Descriptions of political-administrative limits are included at
legal evidences (Agreements, Memorandum of Understanding, Bylaws,
and Organic Laws, among other). The creation of the National Register
of Geographical Information, based on different Laws and Bylaws
of the Mexican Government, take in account the register of country’s
territorial division, with this and its representation over cartographical
material, everyone can see indefinition zones and overlapping, with
which is possible looking for proposal of solutions.
PROCESO DE HOMOLOGACIÓN
DEL CATÁLOGO DE CLAVES Y NOMBRES DE ENTIDADES FEDERATIVAS,
MUNICIPIOS Y LOCALIDADES
Miguel Alfonso Herrera Canto
Taking in account the assortments of criteria that can exist to
assign ID to an object, and with the purpose to allow information
interchange, the National Institute of Statistics, Geography and
Informatics of Mexico, has given the task to unify such criteria
for its assignation. This paper show the advances in this subject.
CLAVE ÚNICA DE REGISTRO
DEL TERRITORIO
Raúl Ángel Gómez
Moreno
This contribution show the proposal to conform the Registration
Territory ID (CURT), a required way to integrate and share territorial
data that different agencies of the three level of governance take
or process. The design of the ID it looking for accomplishes with
characteristics of independence of administrative classification,
homogeneity, as well as inimitable at national level, taking in
accounts as a base the geographical data generated in a cadastral
survey.
REGISTRO NACIONAL DE IMÁGENES
Raúl Ángel Gómez
Moreno
This paper shows the works and actions that the National Institute
of Statistics, Geography and Informatics have been done up to date,
with the purpose to integrate the National Register of Images. Such
register could allow improve the performance in the data reception
and distribution through remote sensing.
LA INTERACCIÓN EFECTIVA
EN LOS LEVANTAMIENTOS CATASTRALES
Jorge Moar Soto
This paper describes the join application of topographical, photogrametrical
and satellite (GPS) measurement techniques in the execution of a
cadastral surveying. Furthermore, show the characteristics to apply
each technique as a function of orography, vegetation, size, location
and distribution of the elements to refer in the field; as well
as mention the results rich in the application of these techniques
in a separate way, and complementation of measurement techniques.
EL CATASTRO DE LA PROPIEDAD
SOCIAL EN MÉXICO
AVANCES Y PERSPECTIVAS
Victor González González
This paper show how is the cadastral of social property in Mexico,
survey in the frame of the Certification Program of Ejidal Rights
and Urban Plots Tilting, which has been done by application of high
accuracy standards, contained in technical norms, that are agree
with the actual requirements.
COMPETENCIA LABORAL DEL INGENIERO
TOPÓGRAFO
EL PUNTO DE VISTA DEL INEGI
José Manuel Cortés
Briano
The modernity and technological changes require that any specialists
with out consider their field of knowledge, keep actualizes. By
this, the scheme of labor capacities, contained under a project
of total quality, support to the institutions, the people, and the
education centers to keep itself in the vanguard. These papers show
the point of view of the National Institute of Statistics, Geography
and Informatics with respect to the Surveying Engineer.
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