UNA APROXIMACIÓN AL
PAISAJE VIVENCIAL DE NEORRURALES Y OTROS MIGRANTES EN UNA COMARCA
CORDILLERANA. EL CASO DE EL BOLSÓN EN LA PATAGONIA ANDINA
Myriam Susana González
The district of The Bolsón in the Andean Patagonia has
an approximate surface of 3,000 km² distributed in two Argentinean
provinces, Chubut and Río Negro. The landscape is characterized
by a singular beauty. Mountains covered with forests and with
glacier remainders in their summits, rivers, streams and lakes
of glacier origin conform a privileged scenario of landscape physiognomy
where different social actors cohabit: traditional colonists,
neorurals, peasants, mapuches, in environmental situations that
end up being critical in some cases.
From the focus of the humanistic geography, the objective of
this work is to discover how is the landscape where the neorurals
live, and experience their lives in comparison with the urban
migrants of the district. Another aspect for the geographical
analysis is the construction of the place sense. These questions
are related with values, interests, activities and different and
sometimes superimposed territorial behaviors that they speak of
simultaneities.
ESPACIO RURAL, TURISMO Y DESARROLLO
LOCAL EN TANDIL (BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA)
Gustavo Javier Annessi
In this paper I analyze the current transformations in the rural
space that have given origin to the emergence of multiple activities,
that transform the rural space not only for the production but
also for the tourist consumption. It also discusses the importance
of the tourist activity as one of the inside tools of a strategy
for local development. It especially mentions the peculiar case
of Tandil (Good Air-Argentina). Lastly a series of conclusions
and recommendations are presented.
TOURISM IN THE CORDILLERA
BLANCA REGION, PERU
Erwin Grötzbach
In the Cordillera Blanca, being the highest mountain ridge in
the Peruvian Andes, tourism developed in the last 30 years comprising
Peruvian nationals as well as foreigners. Both groups show distinct
patterns of activity: Foreigners (almost 15% of all visitors)
prefer mountaineering and trekking ("adventure tourism"),
while Peruvians practice sightseeing ("conventional tourism").
Both types create problems for the natural environment in the
Huascarán National Park that covers almost the whole Cordillera:
"Adventure tourists" by dispersion to many trekking
routes and base camps, "conventional tourists" by concentration
at a few sites. The paper analyses the evolution of tourism, its
distribution and structure and problems of further development
within the framework of tourism planning.
O REJUVENESCIMENTO DA REGIÃO
TURÍSTICA POR EXPANSÃO GEOGRÁFICA E REDISTRIBUIÇÃO
TERRITORIAL DAS FUNÇÕES: A DESTINAÇÃO
TURÍSTICA DE PIPA, LITORAL DO NORDESTE DO BRASIL
Nilson Crocia
This paper analyses one experience of tourism diffusion on the
coastal strip of North East Brazil in search for lessons on sustainable
tourism. It connects the theory of resort evolution (Butler's
model) with the phenomenon of geographical redistribution of functions
inside the tourism region, as the resort evolves. Territorial
expansion and function redistribution, it is argued here, allows
the resort to continuously renovate itself. Planning measures
are suggested to ensure sustainability of tourism exploration
(3 Plates, 2 Tables, 1 Chart of Synthesis and Bibliographical
References).
EL TURISMO COMO AGENTE DINAMIZADOR
DEL ESPACIO POST-SOCIALISTA
(ANÁLISIS PARTICULAR DEL ESPACIO CHECO)
María Elisa Gentile
The tourist space is now wider because new regions have been
incorporated such as underdeveloped countries and previously socialist
countries. Due to political affairs they were forbidden for tourism
during decades. But now they appear to be new and attractive resorts.
In both cases tourism is an additional source of income and in
others, it is the principal one.
Before 1989, countries of Eastern and Central Europe, considered
tourism as a non priority and suspicions activity. For that reason,
when the Berlin Wall fell down, the level of development of the
tourist industry, and its economic, social and territory relevance
wasn't advancing much from that after the Second World War. Now,
there is a new conception of open frontiers and the possibility
of getting a passport to travel abroad, but in spite of this,
due to economical factors, people can't afford traveling. For
this reason there isn't an interchange of tourists. Practically
they only receive visitors. In many cases, the number of registered
tourists is even larger than the population of those countries.
We must remember that the economy of centralized planning, put
emphasis in industry but not in services. At present, the economic
transformation is developing an opposite phenomenon: a rising
of employment in services and the declination of employment in
industry.
Tourism is a very important sector in the economy though sometimes
it is difficult to evaluate its direct or indirect impact in other
activities.
It's true that the development of tourism is a very valuable
option to generate direct and indirect employment, due to demand
in activities proper to it and to the production of more goods
and related services from agriculture or industry. This is particularly
excellent in this region, because the end of real socialism has
brought the disappearance of true employment (really an artificial
phenomenon)
CROPS AND BOUNDARIES: MANIOC
AT ITS MERIDIONAL LIMITS IN SOUTH AMERICA
Daniel W. Gade
Two border zones and two boundaries characterize the spatial
edges of this cultivated plant in Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina.
Production data, biophysical factors, cultural influences and
agronomic understandings are brought together to set the southern
reach of manioc (Manihot esculenta) at 31° 48' S. The southward
thrust of Brazilian and Guarani cultural influences and the increasing
daylength which atrophies manioc root development are two major
factors to explain the borders. However, future genetic advances
could push those limits beyond those now in place.
HONDURAS' TRANSISTHMIAN CORRIDOR:
A CASE OF UNDEVELOPED
POTENTIAL IN COLONIAL CENTRAL AMERICA
Scott Brady
In 1529 Andrés Cerezeda infomed the Spanish Crown of an
interoceanic passage that crossed the Provincia de Higueras e
Cabo de Honduras. Between 1536-1539 Francisco Montejo planned
the province's infrastructure and economic development around
this transisthmian corridor. Montejo envisioned a trunk-line through
the corridor that would surpass the isthmian crossing at Panama
and draw trans-continental traffic to Honduras. Branches would
diverge from this trunk-line to link mines and population centers
to the corridor and its ports at Puerto Caballos and the Gulf
of Fonseca. Montejo's tenure of leadership, however, ended abruptly
and his plans faded. Nevertheless, the prudence of Montejo's planned
patterns of transport is revealed in their presence on the map
of Honduras'present road network.
ESPAÑOLES EN EL EXTRANJERO
A COMIENZOS DEL SIGLO XXI.
EL CASO DE IBEROAMÉRICA. UN COLECTIVO OLVIDADO
Eugenio García Zarza
Inmigration is a frequent issue in the media as well as in the
personal encounters of people. The social interest of this topic
is evident. According to official figures in 2001 there were in
Spain 1.1 million foreigners, that is, near 3 percent of the total
population of Spain and less than half of the ones of the EU.s
countries. We continue having a low migration rate, though this
is not impediment for its growing interest to study it.
To this, it is also strange to learn that no body talks of the
Spaniards living abroad except at electoral times. At the beginnings
of year 2000, there were 1.57 millions, much more than the immigrants.
If we had them in mind, our behavior with the foreigners, especially
iberoamericans, would be different, more just and solidary. Therefore,
in this paper, I try to explain the number, causes, characteristics
and consequences of the Spaniards abroad.
