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R E S Ú M E N E S
SECCIÓN I
ARTÍCULOS ORIGINALES
APRECIACIONES METODOLÓGICAS
ENTRE ARQUEOLOGÍA, FUENTES HISTÓRICAS Y LINGÜISTICA.
TENDENCIA, EVALUACIÓN Y PROPUESTAS EN LA INVESTIGACÍON
DEL ÁREA MAYA
Tsubasa Okoshi Harada
Ernesto Vargas Pacheco
El texto gira alrededor de la relación que debe tener la
arqueología con las fuentes históricas, la etnología
y la lingüística. Aunque de manera teórica también
lo hace en torno al proceso de cambio y continuidad de las sociedades
indígenas antes y después de la conquista.
La tendencia de algunos investigadores es la de conjuntar varias
disciplinas para entender un problema específico. En este
trabajo se pretende hacer una evaluación y dar unas propuestas
para la investigación del área maya.
Se trata específicamente de presentar un ejemplo que se
lleva a cabo en la Península de Yucatán, en donde
historiadores y lingüistas enfocan el problema de la geografía
política y de la organización social durante el siglo
XVI; de esa manera dan una información importantísima
que puede ser utilizada por el arqueólogo para entender mejor
una región determinada.
AN ETHNOHISTORY OF THE INUVIALUIT
FROM EARLIEST TIMES TO 1902
David Morrison
Inuit living in the western part of the Canadian Arctic call themselves
"Inuvialuit," or "true human beings," and consider
themselves distinct from their countrymen living elsewhere across
the top of North America. They have a history which can be traced
back a thousand years to the time when the first Inuit pioneers
entered the Canadian Arctic from Alaska. Living in a particularly
abundant environment (by arctic standards), they developed a similarly
rich and complex culture, with semi-hereditary chiefs, permanent
architecture, and a trading network which bridged two continents.
Nearly destroyed by European infectious diseases at the turn of
the twentieth century, with the recent signing of the Inuvialuit
Final Agreement the Inuvialuit are once more masters in their own
house.
TOWARD AN ARCHAELOGY OF COLONIALISM
IN THE GREATER SOUTHWEST
Teresita Majewski
James E. Ayres
In this paper, we present a working model for investigating the
archaeology of colonialism in the Greater Southwest, using information
from southern Arizona and parts of New Mexico. We propose that it
is possible to correlate different colonization strategies with
particular responses by colonized peoples, and that expressions
of these behaviors can be documented archaeologically. In this model,
both the colonized (Native peoples) and the colonizers become equal
foci of study. Examination of available archaeological data highlights
data gaps, particularly in regard to protohistoric and colonial-period
settlement systems and material culture. Nevertheless, this initial
evaluation illustrates the complexity of the colonial experience
and suggests avenues for further research.
THE PAWNEE AND THE IMPACT OF
EURO-AMERICAN CULTURES:
THREE CENTURIES OF CONTACT AND CHANGE
Roger T. Grange, Jr.
Protohistoric and Historic Pawnee sites encompass more than three
hundred years of contact with Euro?American cultures. Soon after
1541 the Pawnee began to acquire increasing quantities of European
artifacts and by 1850 their native material culture had virtually
disappeared. Changes in several artifact groups show that different
aspects of Pawnee culture were affected at different times and that
social change was more rapid than technological change.
LA LUCHA DE HUNAHPÚ CONTRA
LOS FALSOS DIOSES
Beatriz Barba de Piña
Chán
El artículo se centra en la lectura y explicación
de la estela No. 25 de Izapa, uno de los sitios arqueológicos
más grandes de la costa del Pacífico mexicano. Está
situado cerca de Guatemala, en el distrito de Soconusco en el Estado
de Chiapas. Se trata de probar que la lectura y el orden de las
figuras nos los da el mito de Hunahpú luchando contra los
falsos dioses en el Popol Vuh, sin que se altere nada. La lectura
se hacía en forma circular, empieza a leerse por la parte
superior derecha, hacia abajo, y se continúa por la parte
inferior hacia arriba.
SECCIÓN II
OTRAS CONTRIBUCIONES
SURVIVING EUROPEAN CONQUEST
IN THE CARIBBEAN
Samuel M. Wilson
The European conquest brought about cataclysmic population loss
in the Caribbean. The conquest affected the Greater and Lesser Antilles
differently, however. In the Greater Antilles, dense, sedentary
populations depended on intensive agriculture and had complex social
and political hierarchies of lineages and villages. The Greater
Antilles were greatly affected by the early conquest, and the indigenous
population was almost entirely destroyed. In the Lesser Antilles
the populations were less dense, and their political and economic
organization less specialized. They survived the conquest in larger
numbers than in the Greater Antilles. This paper examines many of
the reasons for the different impacts of conquest in the Greater
and Lesser Antilles, including the differential impact of disease,
different colonizing strategies and objectives, and different strategies
of resistance.
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